The Biochemical Basis of Plant Adaptations to Drought and Salinity

In a stochastic environment, plants' sessile nature means that variations in water availability have detrimental effects on the plants metabolism. The availability of water for its biological roles as a solvent and transport medium, as an electron donor in the Hill reaction, and as an evaporative coolant is often impaired by environmental conditions such as drought and salinity. The oxidative stress that results from these environmental perturbations has profound biochemical responses within the plant's genetic architecture. As both these stresses impact on the water availability of the organism, they will share many response mechanisms despite being fundamentally different stimuli.

Both drought and salinity stress the cells by increasing the concentrations of ions in the cytosol. Increased ion concentrations can have osmotic effects causing the plant to lose control over water flux; furthermore, high concentrations of ions have extremely negative impacts on the tertiary structure of proteins, which form the basis of all cellular machinery.

Carbon Nano Tubes in the Human Body - There Are Some Real Opportunities and Challenges

You may not know this, but human blood causes degradation of carbon structures. You shouldn't be too surprised about this because the human body is partly made of carbon, so obviously the species has evolved to handle it, which is kind of funny if you think about it, especially for one of those people who is trying to reduce their carbon footprint. The best way to do that is go on a diet; do you see what I mean? Okay, but all jokes aside I'd like to discuss this with you for a moment if I might.

Last year, I was talking to a scientist and researcher about the possibility of using graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in the human body and human brain to interface with the human biosystem. That would be a challenge if the enzymes in the blood attacked the structures, and yes, there's probably a way around that challenge, but it is exactly that challenge which may help us deliver drugs to certain parts of the body encased in carbon nanotubes.

What Does Water Do For The Body?

All around us is a little molecule that is found in the air, makes up all the rivers, lakes, and streams, and is more important to life than any other. This little guy is a simple combination of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, but is so important to our existence that when scientists are looking for worlds that might have life, they look for water first. No water, no life. Water, maybe life.

The fact is that water makes up about 70% of our bodies. Cells are mostly bags of watery stuff floating around. Some cells have more or less, but some, like blood cells, are made of as much as 90% water. Most of this water is a mixture of substances within cells are a common molecule existing within a larger one, but there is nowhere that water alone is stored in the body with the exception of the bladder. And of course it is only stored here until excretion and is still a combination of water and other waste products, although it is more than 95% water.

Unlimited Thought Electromagnetically Induced - Hyper Mental Agility, What's It Worth, Your Mind?

As someone who runs a think tank which happens to operate online, I put a lot of thought into the category of thinking itself. What is it for instance which allows some people to be more creative than others and solve problems, and what is it that allows some people to have almost an infallible memory to the point of having savant tendenches? The human mind is incredible, and yet, what if we can improve on this biological wonder, and give the human brain more energy, energy which it doesn't have to create from within? What if we could slightly boost it, without overheating it? Okay so, let's talk about this for a moment, because I'm not the only one asking this question.

It turns out that there are many people working on this problem, for a variety of reasons - for instance to increase the uptake in learning, rote memorization, and increase the speed of training. 

Top 10 Things You Wish You Knew About Butterfly Wings

We tend to admire butterfly wings for their captivating beauty. Our negligence in overlooking other fascinating facts about these wings is therefore quite excusable... but wouldn't you like to know more? Here are our top ten (well, maybe more) facts that you will be excited to learn.

Butterflies Have Scaled Wings

The scientific name for the butterfly/moth family is Lepidoptera. This word is derived from Greek roots meaning "scale wings." For scientists, the most obvious feature that separates butterflies and moths from other insects is their scaled wings. While we may not notice this immediately, closer inspection of a butterfly reveals the fact that their wings are made from tiny scales that are actually bulbous, modified feathers. The pigments of the scales on their wings come either from chemical pigments such as melanin or from plants and waste that build up during metamorphosis. 

Would a Human Brain Grow In a Square If It Were Grown in a Box - I Believe the Answer Might Be Yes

Can we grow add on brains, or configure a human brain in a different space? I believe so. I'd like to discuss this with you for moment, from a philosophical and theoretical biology stand point. You see, on or about June 20, 2011 I had written an interesting article titled; "Why Can't We Install an Add-on Carbon Nanotube Encased Brain Inside a Human Chest Cavity?" where I reasoned that it would be possible to build an add-on brain and attach it to the current human brain.

It also seems that since we can now grow brain tissue using stem cells in a Petri Dish that we can build an organic brain, allowing it to grow in any shape we wish. Okay so, before I get into my basic theory of why I believe that a human brain can grow in a square, or a sphere, I'd like to have you consider some other intriguing information;

First, go read an article in Neuroscience on March 29, 2012 titled; "Brain wiring a no-brainer? Scans reveal astonishingly simple 3D grid structure.

Dermatologist Job Duties

A full-time job within dermatology may give the opportunities that help make for a highly desirable and profitable opportunity. The standards of a dermatologist on a day by day basis have proven to be particular to the career title. It is undoubtedly a specific discipline wherein each and every dermatologist possess a great deal associated with liability and dependability. At the moment, a great number of require the assistance of a dermatologist due to a thriving populace also, the stress our society puts on appearance.

The normal day to day task needs of a dermatologist normally include; meeting with their patients and speaking about their health problems so that they can supply the proper diagnosis, order treatments or products for the sufferers complications or disease, prepare follow-up examinations with their patients to test exactly how the treatment is working and work out alterations in the procedure solutions when required. Frequently they may discover epidermis, hair or nail troubles and conditions. 

10 Big Animals Discovered Since 1900

1. OKAPI

By saving a group of Congolese Pygmies from a German show-man who wanted to take them to the 1900 Paris Exhibition, Sir Harry Johnston gained their trust. He then began hearing stories about the okapi, a mule-sized animal with zebra stripes. In 1901, Sir Harry sent a whole skin, two skulls and a detailed description of the okapi to London, and it was found that the okapi had a close relationship to the giraffe. In 1919, the first live okapi were brought out of the Congo River basin, and in 1941, the Stanleyville Zoo witnessed the first birth of an okapi in captivity. The okapis, striking in appearance, are now some of the most popular attractions at the larger, more progressive zoological parks of the world.

2. MOUNTAIN NYALA

Depletion of Biodiversity of Jharkhand State of India

INTRODUCTION:

The term biodiversity was coined by Walter and Rosen in 1985, which is the abbreviated word of Biological Diversity. The biosphere constitutes a vital life support system for man and its existence of human race. The newly formed state Jharkhand of India is very rich in biodiversity due to its diverse physiographic and climatic conditions. The Jharkhand state is situated between 21°58'10" to 25°18' N Latitude and 83°22' to 87°57' E Longitude. Jharkhand forms part of the Chotanagpur plateau province of the Deccan Peninsula Biogeographic Zone. As the name of the state suggests, it is having a good covering of forests (reserved forest 4,387.20 sq km, protected forest 19,184.78 sq km and unclassified forest 33.49 sq km). The forest of the state includes tropical dry deciduous, moist deciduous, dry peninsular and dry mixed deciduous forest. The forests form catchments of the three main rivers - Koel, Damodar and Subernekha. 

Dolphins in Bangladesh

Dolphins are like mammals. They respire through their nostrils. They give birth to new babies and rear them until grownup. Their food items include small fishes, crustaceans, water insects etc. They live mostly in the estuary. Dolphins play an important role in the ecosystem. They can't live in the polluted water. So they indicate the pollution of the rivers. As they eat small fishes so they are also the indicator of fish abundance of that region. River erosion as well as huge numbers of vessel traffic affect their normal life. A great number of dolphins are found in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. The mixing process of freshwater with brackish water and leaves from the mangroves makes a favourable environment for different species of dolphin. The following seven types of dolphins are abundant here-

Ganges river dolphin or Shushuk (Platanista gangetica)

The Ganges River dolphin or shushuk is an "endangered", evolutionary ancient mammal that occurs in many rivers of Bangladesh. 

Anemia - Hemolytic Anemia

ANEMIA:
Anemia is defined as a below normal plasma hemoglobin concentration resulting from a decreased number of circulating red blood cells or an abnormally low total hemoglobin content per unit of blood volume. anemia can be caused by chronic blood loss, bone marrow abnormalities, increased hemolysis, infections, malignancy, endocrine deficiencies, renal failure, and a number of other disease states. Anemia can be at least temporarily corrected by transfusion of whole blood. In addition, nutritional anemias are caused by dietary deficiencies of substances such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)that are necessary for normal erythropoiesis.

SIGNS OF ANEMIA:
Pallor, breathlessness, tiredness, pica.

A Look Into: Bacterial Recombination

Bacteria are usually regarded as non-complex lifeforms, sometimes even as primitive. One must understand that bacteria have been existing on this planet longer than humans and have found multiple ways to adapt. Though they may seem simple, they posses a variety of methods to survive the change of time. Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they are single celled organisms, and unlike the multicellular organisms they coexist with, bacteria contain only one chromosome. It is known that two homologous chromosomes are required in order for recombination to occur. So how do they recombine their DNA to produce offspring that are genetically different to the population? Bacteria have a stunning capability of acquiring the extra DNA they need through three actions: transformation, conjugation, and transduction.

Through transformation bacteria are able to take DNA from the environment and recombine it with their chromosome.